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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gscience</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Mining Science and Technology (Russia)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Горные науки и технологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0632</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The National University of Science and Technology MISiIS (NUST MISIS)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/2500-0632-2025-09-460</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gscience-1034</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MINERAL RESOURCES EXPLOITATION</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РАЗРАБОТКА МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЙ ПОЛЕЗНЫХ ИСКОПАЕМЫХ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Justification of the rational scope and technology for the use of hydraulic excavators in surface mining</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Обоснование рациональной области и технологии применения гидравлических экскаваторов на открытых горных работах</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9429-1774</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хакулов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khakulov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виктор Алексеевич Хакулов – доктор технических наук, заведующий кафедрой информационных технологий в управлении техническими системами</p><p>г. Нальчик</p><p>Scopus ID 5720014474</p><p>ResearcherID B-2340-2018</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor A. Hakulov – Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Head of the Department of Information Technologies in Control of Technical Systems</p><p>Nalchik</p><p>Scopus ID 57200144748</p><p>ResearcherID B-2340-2018</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vkh21@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9701-6820</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаповалов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shapovalov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виталий Александрович Шаповалов – доктор технических наук, профессор кафедры информационных технологий в управлении техническими системами</p><p>г. Нальчик</p><p>Scopus ID 57190966150</p><p>ResearcherID J-9696-2015</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vitaliy A. Shapovalov – Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor of the Department of Information Technologies in Control of Technical Systems</p><p>Nalchik</p><p>Scopus ID 57190966150</p><p>ResearcherID J-9696-2015</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vet555_83@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5529-2395</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Игнатов</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ignatov</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виктор Николаевич Игнатов – доктор технических наук, профессор кафедры горного дела</p><p>г. Новочеркасск</p><p>Scopus ID 57200148638</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor N. Ignatov – Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor of the Department of Mining</p><p>Novocherkassk</p><p>Scopus ID 57200148638</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">VNIgnatov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9664-5863</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпова</surname><given-names>Ж. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpova</surname><given-names>Zh. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жанна Викторовна Карпова – кандидат технических наук, инженер</p><p>г. Новочеркасск</p><p>Scopus ID 57204943495</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zhanna V. Karpova – Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Engineer</p><p>Novocherkassk</p><p>Scopus ID 57204943495</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">z.karpovaspb@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5393-470X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Игнатов</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ignatov</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михаил Викторович Игнатов – кандидат технических наук, доцент кафедры информационных технологий в управлении техническими системами</p><p>г. Нальчик</p><p>Scopus ID 57204758591</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail V. Ignatov – Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Associate Professor of the Department of Information Technologies in Control of Technical Systems</p><p>Nalchik</p><p>Scopus ID 57204758591</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Ign_m@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8182-7293</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ногеров</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nogerov</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ибрагим Альбиевич Ногеров – старший преподаватель кафедры информационных технологий в управлении техническими системами</p><p>г. Нальчик</p><p>Scopus ID 57200193883</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ibragim A. Nogerov – Senior Lecturer of the Department of Information Technologies in Control of Technical Systems</p><p>Nalchik</p><p>Scopus ID 57200193883</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nogerov.ibragim@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Кабардино-Балкарский государственный университет имени Х. М. Бербекова<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Kabardino-Balkarian State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Южно-Российский государственный политехнический университет имени М. И. Платова<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">ООО НИПИ «Недра»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">NIPI Nedra LLC<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>4</issue><elocation-id>338–345</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Khakulov V.A., Shapovalov V.A., Ignatov V.N., Karpova Z.V., Ignatov M.V., Nogerov I.A., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хакулов В.А., Шаповалов В.А., Игнатов В.Н., Карпова Ж.В., Игнатов М.В., Ногеров И.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khakulov V.A., Shapovalov V.A., Ignatov V.N., Karpova Z.V., Ignatov M.V., Nogerov I.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mst.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1034">https://mst.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1034</self-uri><abstract><p>The constrained conditions of deep-pit mining and the rigid technological interdependence between operations on lower and upper horizons significantly complicate the performance of loading and haulage systems and, in particular, hinder the efficient use of large rope shovels. At the same time, due to a limited service life and a sharp decline in reliability after 7–10 years of operation, mobile hydraulic excavators cannot compete with mechanical shovels when excavating hard rock formations. Based on research and industrial experiments, combined solutions have been developed and tested for the use of rope and hydraulic excavators within their respective optimal application areas to improve the efficiency of mining operations. The proposed priority application zone for hydraulic excavators is defined in areas with a planned low concentration of drilling-and-blasting operations, where the utilisation factor of rope shovels is below 0.5, while that of mobile hydraulic excavators – with appropriate geomechanical support – is at least 0.7. At the same time, hydraulic excavators cannot directly compete with large mechanical shovels in the development of hard rock. Therefore, a specialised technology for within-block differentiation of drilling and blasting parameters is proposed to ensure the geomechanical conditions necessary for the effective integration of hydraulic excavators into mining operations.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Стеснённые условия отработки глубоких горизонтов карьера и наличие жёсткой технологической связи между продвижением горных работ на нижних и верхних горизонтах существенно усложняют работу погрузочно-транспортных комплексов и, в частности, не позволяют эффективно использовать мощные канатные карьерные экскаваторы. В то же время мобильные гидравлические экскаваторы из-за ограниченного ресурса и резкого падения надежности после 7–10 лет службы не выдерживают конкуренции с карьерными механическими лопатами при разработке тяжелых скальных пород. В результате проведения исследований и промышленных экспериментов были установлены и апробированы комбинированные решения по использованию канатных и гидравлических экскаваторов в своих рациональных областях для эффективного применения на горном производстве. Предлагаемая область приоритетного применения гидравлических экскаваторов определяется в зонах планируемой низкой концентрации буровзрывных работ, где коэффициент использования канатных экскаваторов составляет менее 0,5, а мобильных гидравлических – при условии специального геомеханического обеспечения – не менее 0,7. В то же время гидравлические экскаваторы напрямую не могут конкурировать с мощными карьерными механическими лопатами при отработке тяжёлых скальных пород. Поэтому предлагается специальная технология внутриблоковой дифференциации параметров буровзрывных работ, которая решает задачу геомеханического обеспечения эффективного внедрения гидравлических экскаваторов в горном производстве.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>коэффициент вскрыши</kwd><kwd>угол наклона борта карьера</kwd><kwd>погрузочно-транспортные комплексы</kwd><kwd>дифференциация параметров буровзрывных работ</kwd><kwd>мониторинг процесса экскавации</kwd><kwd>интеллектуальные комплексы мониторинга</kwd><kwd>ритмичность отгрузки горной массы</kwd><kwd>канатный экскаватор</kwd><kwd>гидравлический экскаватор</kwd><kwd>обратная лопата</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>stripping ratio</kwd><kwd>pit slope angle</kwd><kwd>loading and haulage systems</kwd><kwd>differentiation of drilling and blasting parameters</kwd><kwd>excavation process monitoring</kwd><kwd>intelligent monitoring systems</kwd><kwd>rock mass loading uniformity</kwd><kwd>rope shovel</kwd><kwd>hydraulic excavator</kwd><kwd>backhoe</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blom M., Pearce A. 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