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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gscience</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Mining Science and Technology (Russia)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Горные науки и технологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0632</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The National University of Science and Technology MISiIS (NUST MISIS)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/2500-0632-2025-07-1104</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gscience-1104</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЦИФРОВЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ И ИСКУССТВЕННЫЙ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Formation of inelastic deformation zones based on numerical modeling</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Формирование зон неупругих деформаций на примере цифрового математического моделирования</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1718-856X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демин</surname><given-names>В. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demin</surname><given-names>V. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Федорович Демин – доктор технических наук, профессор кафедры разработки месторождений полезных ископаемых</p><p>г. Караганда</p><p>Scopus ID 57212219714</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir F. Demin – Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor of the Department of Mineral Deposits Development</p><p>Karaganda</p><p>Scopus ID 57212219714</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vladfdemin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5556-2217</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Валиев</surname><given-names>Н. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Valiev</surname><given-names>N. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нияз Гадым оглы Валиев – доктор технических наук, заместитель председателя ученого совета, заведующий кафедрой горного дела</p><p>г. Екатеринбург</p><p>Scopus ID 55749527900</p><p>SPIN-код 3886-5864</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Niyaz G. Valiev – Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Deputy Chairman of the Academic Council, Head of the Mining Department; General Director, Mining Industry Association of the Urals</p><p>Yekaterinburg</p><p>Scopus ID 55749527900</p><p>SPIN 3886-5864</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Niyaz.Valiev@m.ursmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9485-3669</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахматнуров</surname><given-names>Д. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhmatnurov</surname><given-names>D. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Денис Рамильевич Ахматнуров – PhD, заведующий лабораторией метановой энергетики</p><p>г. Караганда</p><p>Scopus ID 57194187849</p><p>SPIN-код 1396-9321</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis R. Akhmatnurov – PhD, Head of the Methane Energy Laboratory</p><p>Karaganda</p><p>Scopus ID 57194187849</p><p>SPIN 1396-9321</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">d.akhmatnurov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1206-6889</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мусин</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mussin</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Равиль Альтавович Мусин – PhD, доцент кафедры разработки месторождений полезных ископаемых</p><p>г. Караганда</p><p>Scopus ID 7005446397</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ravil A. Mussin – PhD, Associate Professor of the Department of Mineral Deposits Development</p><p>Karaganda</p><p>Scopus ID 7005446397</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">R.A.Mussin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0628-2654</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Замалиев</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zamaliyev</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наиль Мансурович Замалиев – PhD, доцент кафедры разработки месторождений полезных ископаемых</p><p>г. Караганда</p><p>Scopus ID 57194194006</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ravil A. Mussin – PhD, Associate Professor of the Department of Mineral Deposits Development</p><p>Karaganda</p><p>Scopus ID 7005446397</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nailzamaliev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Карагандинский технический университет имени Абылкаса Сагинова<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Уральский государственный горный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Ural State Mining University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>90</fpage><lpage>102</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Demin V.F., Valiev N.G., Akhmatnurov D.R., Mussin R.A., Zamaliyev N.M., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Демин В.Ф., Валиев Н.Г., Ахматнуров Д.Р., Мусин Р.А., Замалиев Н.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Demin V.F., Valiev N.G., Akhmatnurov D.R., Mussin R.A., Zamaliyev N.M.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mst.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1104">https://mst.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1104</self-uri><abstract><p>Comprehensive consideration of the geomechanical and structural characteristics of the rock mass is a prerequisite for ensuring the safety and efficiency of underground mining operations. The key parameters that must be incorporated into computational models include the physical, mechanical and strength properties of rocks, their degree of fracturing, as well as the initial and mining-induced stress state of the rock mass. This study investigates geomechanical criteria for determining support parameters of development workings under conditions of plastic deformation. The methodological framework is based on a combination of theoretical analysis, finite element numerical modeling using the RS2 software package (Rocscience), and generalization of experimental data on the properties of host rocks. This approach enabled a detailed analysis of the stress-strain state of the rock mass at various stages of mining operations, including the roadway junction where a new roadway is driven from an existing excavation and its subsequent development. The modeling results established the spatial boundaries of deformation zones: the depth of developed inelastic deformation reaches 0.6–0.7 m from the excavation boundary, while the elastoplastic deformation zone extends to 1.8–1.9 m. Stress analysis showed that in the abutment pressure zone ahead of the excavation face, stresses reach values of 20.48 MPa, which is about 25% higher than the in-situ stress level at a depth of 600 m. Analysis of the Factor of Safety (FoS) revealed local zones with FoS &lt; 1 in the junction zone, indicating the need for reinforcement of the support system. The results provide a scientifically substantiated basis for predicting the geomechanical state of the rock mass and for selecting rational support parameters, thereby improving excavation stability, reducing maintenance requirements, and enhancing industrial safety in underground coal mining.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Комплексный учет геомеханических и структурных характеристик горного массива является обязательной основой для обеспечения безопасности и эффективности подземных горных работ. Критически важными параметрами, подлежащими включению в расчетные модели, выступают физико-механические и прочностные свойства пород, степень их трещиноватости, а также исходное и техногенно-измененное напряжённое состояние массива. Исследование направлено на геомеханическое обоснование параметров крепления подготовительных выработок в условиях развития пластических деформаций. Методическая база основана на сочетании теоретического анализа, численного моделирования методом конечных элементов в программном комплексе RS2 (Rocscience) и обобщения экспериментальных данных о свойствах вмещающих пород, что позволило детально проанализировать напряжённо-деформированное состояние массива на различных стадиях проведения горных работ, включая засечку новой выработки и её последующее развитие. В результате моделирования установлены пространственные границы зон деформирования: глубина развитых неупругих деформаций составляет 0,6–0,7 м от контура выработки, область упругопластического деформирования достигает 1,8–1,9 м. Анализ напряжённого состояния показал, что в зоне опорного давления перед забоем напряжения достигают 20,48 МПа, что на 25 % превышает природный уровень на глубине 600 м. С применением коэффициента запаса прочности FoS выявлены локальные участки с FoS &lt; 1 в районе засечки, количественно подтверждающие необходимость усиления крепи. Полученные результаты позволяют сформировать научно обоснованный подход к прогнозированию геомеханического состояния массива и выбору рациональных параметров крепи, что способствует повышению устойчивости выработок, снижению объемов ремонтных работ и увеличению уровня промышленной безопасности при подземной разработке угольных месторождений.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>горное дело</kwd><kwd>подземные горные работы</kwd><kwd>горные выработки</kwd><kwd>крепь</kwd><kwd>параметры</kwd><kwd>геомеханика</kwd><kwd>геомеханические процессы</kwd><kwd>анкерная крепь</kwd><kwd>моделирование</kwd><kwd>аналитическое моделирование</kwd><kwd>напряжённо-деформированное состояние</kwd><kwd>горное давление</kwd><kwd>массив горных пород</kwd><kwd>методика</kwd><kwd>зависимости</kwd><kwd>метод конечных элементов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mining</kwd><kwd>underground mining</kwd><kwd>development workings</kwd><kwd>rock support</kwd><kwd>parameters</kwd><kwd>geomechanics</kwd><kwd>geomechanical processes</kwd><kwd>rock bolting</kwd><kwd>modeling</kwd><kwd>analytical modeling</kwd><kwd>stress-strain state</kwd><kwd>rock pressure</kwd><kwd>rock mass</kwd><kwd>methodology</kwd><kwd>relationships</kwd><kwd>finite element method</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Исследование выполнено при поддержке Комитета науки Министерства науки и высшего образова- ния Республики Казахстан в рамках программно-целевого финансирования по реализации научной и научно-технической программы ИРН BR24992803.</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>This study was supported by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan under the targeted funding program for the implementation of a scientific and scientific- technical program, IRN BR24992803.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Djaksimuratov K. 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