<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gscience</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Mining Science and Technology (Russia)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Горные науки и технологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0632</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The National University of Science and Technology MISiIS (NUST MISIS)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/2500-0632-2016-3-10-19</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gscience-32</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MINERAL RESOURCES EXPLOITATION</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РАЗРАБОТКА МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЙ ПОЛЕЗНЫХ ИСКОПАЕМЫХ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Pit wall stability analysis for hard rocks</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Оценка устойчивости бортов карьеров в скальных грунтах</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фоменко</surname><given-names>И. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fomenko</surname><given-names>I. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор геолого-минералогических наук, главный научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor K. Fomenko - Doctor of Geological-Mineralogical Sciences, chief scientific officer</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ifolga@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пендин</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pendin</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор геолого-минералогических наук, профессор</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vadim V. Pendin - Doctor of Geological-Mineralogical Sciences, Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pendin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горобцов</surname><given-names>Д. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorobtsov</surname><given-names>D. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат геолого-минералогических наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis N. Gorobtsov - candidate of geological-mineralogical, associate professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dngorobtsov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Научно-производственный центр по инженерным изысканиям<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Russian State Geological Prospecting University named after Sergo Ordzhonikidze<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Российский государственный геологоразведочный университет имени Серго Орджоникидзе<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Russian State Geological Prospecting University named after Sergo Ordzhonikidze<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>12</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>10</fpage><lpage>21</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Fomenko I.K., Pendin V.V., Gorobtsov D.N., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фоменко И.К., Пендин В.В., Горобцов Д.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fomenko I.K., Pendin V.V., Gorobtsov D.N.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mst.misis.ru/jour/article/view/32">https://mst.misis.ru/jour/article/view/32</self-uri><abstract><p>The paper discusses the methodology for assessing stability of pit walls in hard rocks, taking into account geological and structural features the rock mass and spatial position of weakness zones in relation to the pit walls. It is shown that, depending on the walls mutual orientation, the problem of pit wall stability can be solved in two-dimensional or three-dimensional formulation. Examples are given for assessing pit wall stability taking into account weakness zones in two-dimensional formulation by limit equilibrium and finite element methods, and, in three-dimensional formulation, by the method of volume rock blocks. Modern strength criteria, which are recommended to be used for modeling pit wall stability to prevent rock landslides, are described. The proposed method for assessing pit wall stability in hard rocks allows reasonable selecting the calculation method depending on structural pattern of the rock mass and the pit walls spatial position.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье рассматривается методика расчёта устойчивости бортов карьеров, сложенных скальными грунтами, с учетом геолого-структурных особенностей скального массива и пространственного положения зон ослабления по отношению к бортам карьера. Показано, что в зависимости от их взаимной ориентировки задача устойчивости бортов карьера может быть решена в двумерной или трехмерной постановке. Приведены примеры расчета устойчивости бортов карьера с учетом зон ослабления в двумерной постановке методами предельного равновесия и конечных элементов, в трехмерной постановке – методом объёмных скальных блоков. Описаны современные критерии прочности, которые рекомендуется использовать при моделировании устойчивости скальных оползней. Предлагаемая методика оценки устойчивости бортов карьеров, закладываемых в скальных грунтах, позволяет обоснованно выбрать метод расчета, в зависимости от совместной ориентации структурного плана скального массива и пространственного положения бортов карьера. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>устойчивость бортов карьеров</kwd><kwd>оползни в скальных грунтах</kwd><kwd>методы предельного равновесия</kwd><kwd>конечных элементов</kwd><kwd>объёмных скальных блоков</kwd><kwd>анизотропия прочности</kwd><kwd>критерии прочности Хоека-Брауна и Бартона-Бандиса</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pit wall stability</kwd><kwd>hard rock landslides</kwd><kwd>limit equilibrium method</kwd><kwd>finite element method</kwd><kwd>bulk rock blocks</kwd><kwd>strength anisotropy</kwd><kwd>Hoek-Brown and Barton-Bandis strength criteria</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barton N.R., Bandis S. Review of predictive capabilities of JRC-JCS model in engineering practice // Rock joints:Proc. Int. Symp. оn Rock Joints / N. Barton, O. Stephansson, eds. - Rotterdam: Balkema, 1990. – pp. 603-610.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barton N.R., Bandis S. Review of predictive capabilities of JRC-JCS model in engineering practice // Rock joints:Proc. Int. Symp. оn Rock Joints / N. Barton, O. Stephansson, eds. - Rotterdam: Balkema, 1990. – pp. 603-610.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barton N.R. and Choubey V., The shear strength of rock joints in theory and practice. Rock Mech. 10(1- 2), 1-54.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barton N.R. and Choubey V., The shear strength of rock joints in theory and practice. Rock Mech. 10(1-2), 1-54.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Esterhuizen J., Filz G.M. and Duncan, J.M.. Constitutive Behaviour of Geosynthetic Interfaces, Journal of GeoTechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, October 2001, pp. 834-840.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Esterhuizen J., Filz G.M. and Duncan, J.M.. Constitutive Behaviour of Geosynthetic Interfaces, Journal of GeoTechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, October 2001, pp. 834-840.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hoek E., Bray J., Boyd J. The stability of a rock slope containing a wedge resting on two intersecting discontinuities // Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 1973. – v. 6. – №1, pp. 22-35.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hoek E., Bray J., Boyd J. The stability of a rock slope containing a wedge resting on two intersecting discontinuities // Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 1973. – v. 6. – №1, pp. 22-35.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hoek E., Bray J.W. Rock Slope Engineering/3rd ed. - London: Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, 1981. – 358 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hoek E., Bray J.W. Rock Slope Engineering/3rd ed. - London: Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, 1981. – 358 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hoek E., Caranza-Torres C.T., Corcum B. HoekBrown failure criterion-2002 edition//Proc. of the North American Rock Mechanics Society (NARMSTAC’2002). – Toronto: Mining Innovation and Technology, 2002. – v. 1. – pp. 267-273.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hoek E., Caranza-Torres C.T., Corcum B. Hoek-Brown failure criterion-2002 edition//Proc. of the North American Rock Mechanics Society (NARMS-TAC’2002). – Toronto: Mining Innovation and Technology, 2002. – v. 1. – pp. 267-273.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krahn J. Stability modeling with SLOPE/W. An Engineering Methodology: First Edition, Revision 1. Calgary, Alberta: GEO-SLOPE International Ltd., 2004. – 396 pp.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krahn J. Stability modeling with SLOPE/W. An Engineering Methodology: First Edition, Revision 1. Calgary, Alberta: GEO-SLOPE International Ltd., 2004. – 396 pp.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krahn J., Price V.E., and Morgenstern, N. R. Slope stability computer program for Morgenstern- Price method of analysis // University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. 1971. Vol. 14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krahn J., Price V.E., and Morgenstern, N. R. Slope stability computer program for Morgenstern- Price method of analysis // University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. 1971. Vol. 14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Markland J.T. A useful technique for estimating the stability of rock slopes when the rigid wedge sliding type of failure is expected // Imperial College Rock Mechanics Research Report, 1972. – №19. – 10 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Markland J.T. A useful technique for estimating the stability of rock slopes when the rigid wedge sliding type of failure is expected // Imperial College Rock Mechanics Research Report, 1972. – №19. – 10 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patton F.D. Multiple models of shear failure in rock // Proc. 1stInternat.Congr. on Rock Mechanics. – Lisbon, 1966. – v. 1. – pp. 509-513</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patton F.D. Multiple models of shear failure in rock // Proc. 1stInternat.Congr. on Rock Mechanics. – Lisbon, 1966. – v. 1. – pp. 509-513</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Snowden, “Proposal for Additional Features in SLIDE and SWEDGE”, unpublished memorandum to Rocscience, 5th April 2007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Snowden, “Proposal for Additional Features in SLIDE and SWEDGE”, unpublished memorandum to Rocscience, 5th April 2007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Snowden, "Snowden Modified Anisotropic Linear strength model", unpublished memorandum to Rocscience, November 2011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Snowden, "Snowden Modified Anisotropic Linear strength model", unpublished memorandum to Rocscience, November 2011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wyllie D.C., Mah C.W. Rock Slope Engineering: civil and mining/4rd ed. – London: Spon Press / Taylor&amp;Francis Group, 2010. – 431 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wyllie D.C., Mah C.W. Rock Slope Engineering: civil and mining/4rd ed. – London: Spon Press / Taylor&amp;Francis Group, 2010. – 431 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зеркаль О. В., Фоменко И. К. Оползни в скальных грунтах и оценка их устойчивости // Инженерная геология. — 2016. — № 4. — С. 4–21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zerkal' O.V., Fomenko I.K. Opolzni v skal'nyh gruntah i ocenka ih ustojchivosti [landslides in rocky soil and evaluation of their stability] // Engineering geology. – 2016. – No. 4. – Pp. 4-21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зеркаль О. В., Фоменко И. К. Оценка влияния анизотропии свойств грунтов на устойчивость склонов // Инженерные изыскания. — 2013. — № 9. — С. 44–50.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zerkal' O.V., Fomenko I. K. Ocenka vlijanija anizotropii svojstv gruntov na ustojchivost' sklonov [Assessment of the anisotropy of the properties of the soil on the slope stability] // Engineering survey. – 2013. – No. 9. – Pp. 44-50.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Калинин Э.В., Панасьян Л.Л., Широков В.Н., Артамонова Н.Б., Фоменко И.К. Моделирование полей напряжений в инженерно-геологических массивах. – М.: МГУ, 2003. – 261 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kalinin Je.V., Panas'jan L.L., Shirokov V.N., Artamonova N.B., Fomenko I.K. Modelirovanie polej naprjazhenij v inzhenerno-geologicheskih massivah. [Simulation of stress fields in geotechnical arrays] – M.: Moscow State University, 2003. – 261 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Крауч С., Старфилд А. Методы граничных элементов в механике твердого тела. - М.: Мир, 1987. – 217 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krauch S., Starfild A. Metody granichnyh jelementov v mehanike tverdogo tela. [Boundary element methods in solid mechanics] – M.: Mir, 1987. – 217 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Правила обеспечения устойчивости откосов на угольных разрезах. – СПб.: Гос. НИИ горн. геомех. и маркшейд. дела – Межотрасл. науч. центр ВНИМИ, 1998. – 208 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pravila obespechenija ustojchivosti otkosov na ugol'nyh razrezah. [Rules on the slope stability at the coal mines] – SPb.: State. Research Institute of Mining of geomechanical and Surveying – Interdisciplinary Research Center VNIMI, 1998. – 208 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пендин В. В., Фоменко И. К. Методология оценки и прогноза оползневой опасности. – М.: ЛЕНАНД Москва, 2015. –320 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pendin V.V., Fomenko I.K. Metodologija ocenki i prognoza opolznevoj opasnosti. [Methodology for assessment and prediction of landslide hazard] – M.: LENAND Moscow, 2015. – 320 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рекомендации по расчету устойчивости скальных откосов: П-843-86. – М.: Гидропроект, 1986. - 51 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rekomendacii po raschetu ustojchivosti skal'nyh otkosov: P-843-86. [Guidelines for the calculation of the stability of rock slopes: P-843-86.] – M.: Hydroproject, 1986. – 51 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">СП 11-105-97 Инженерно-геологические изыскания для строительства. Часть II. Правила производства работ в районах развития опасных геологических и инженерно-геологических процессов. - М.: Госстрой России, 2003. – 93 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">SP 11-105-97 Inzhenerno-geologicheskie izyskanija dlja stroitel'stva. Chast' II. Pravila proizvodstva rabot v rajonah razvitija opasnyh geologicheskih i inzhenerno-geologicheskih processov. [SP 11-105-97 Engineering survey for construction. Part II. Terms of works in the areas of development of dangerous geological and engineering-geological processes.] – M.: Russian State Committee for Construction, 2003. – 93 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">СП 116.13330.2012 Инженерная защита территорий, зданий и сооружений от опасных геологических процессов. Основные положения (Актуализированная редакция СНиП 22-02-2003). – М.: Минрегион России, 2012. – 60 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">SP 116.13330.2012 Inzhenernaja zashhita territorij, zdanij i sooruzhenij ot opasnyh geologicheskih processov. Osnovnye polozhenija (Aktualizirovannaja redakcija SNiP 22-02- 2003). [JV 116.13330.2012 Engineering protection of territories, buildings and structures from dangerous geological processes. Basic provisions (SNIP 22/02/2003 The updated edition)] – M.: Russian Ministry of Regional Development, 2012. – 60 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">СП 47.13330.2012 Инженерные изыскания для строительства. Основные положения (Актуализированная редакция СНиП 11-02-96). – М.: Минрегион России, 2012. – 116 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">SP 47.13330.2012 Inzhenernye izyskanija dlja stroitel'stva. Osnovnye polozhenija (Aktualizirovannaja redakcija SNiP 11-02-96). [SP 47.13330.2012 Engineering surveys for construction. Basic provisions (The updated edition of SNIP 11-02-96)] – M.: Russian Ministry of Regional Development, 2012. – 116 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
