<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gscience</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Mining Science and Technology (Russia)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Горные науки и технологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0632</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The National University of Science and Technology MISiIS (NUST MISIS)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/2500-0632-2023-04-105</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gscience-554</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MINING ROCK PROPERTIES. ROCK MECHANICS AND GEOPHYSICS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СВОЙСТВА ГОРНЫХ ПОРОД. ГЕОМЕХАНИКА И ГЕОФИЗИКА</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Absolute heat sources as a method to check the accuracy of temperature prediction in underground structures within cryolithozone</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние способа учета абсолютных источников тепла на точность прогноза температуры в подземных сооружениях криолитозоны</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5924-876X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галкин</surname><given-names>А. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galkin</surname><given-names>A. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Фёдорович Галкин – доктор технических наук, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории геотермии криолитозоны</p><p>Якутск</p><p>Scopus ID 56559565600</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander F. Galkin – Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Chief Researcher of the Laboratory of Geothermal Permafrost</p><p>Yakutsk</p><p>Scopus ID 56559565600</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">afgalkin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4933-0265</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панков</surname><given-names>В. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pankov</surname><given-names>V. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Юрьевич Панков – кандидат геолого-минералогических наук, доцент кафедры автомобильных дорог и аэродромов</p><p>Якутск</p><p>Scopus ID 57216812632</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir Yu. Pankov – Cand. Sci. (Geol. and Miner.), Associate Professor of the Department of Automobile Roads and Airfields</p><p>Yakutsk</p><p>Scopus ID 57216812632</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pankov1956@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт мерзлотоведения им. П. И. Мельникова СО РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">P.I. Melnikov Geocryology Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Северо-Восточный федеральный университет им. М. К. Аммосова<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">North-Eastern Federal University named after M.K. Ammosov<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>207</fpage><lpage>214</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Galkin A.F., Pankov V.Y., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Галкин А.Ф., Панков В.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Galkin A.F., Pankov V.Y.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mst.misis.ru/jour/article/view/554">https://mst.misis.ru/jour/article/view/554</self-uri><abstract><p>Forecasting the thermal regime of mine workings and the surrounding rock mass is a necessary element of the design of underground structures in cryolithic zone. This is particularly necessary when substantiating and selecting reliable methods and means of rock supporting, in order to ensure safe operation of underground structures during the entire standard service life. Changes in the temperature of discontinuous permafrost rocks in the range of negative values (below the ice point in the rock) can lead to a decrease in their strength characteristics, and consequently to a decrease in the stability of workings. The aim of the research was to compare two ways of considering absolute heat sources (point sources and sources uniformly distributed along the length of a mine working) when forecasting the thermal regime in mine workings of underground structures. The dependencies used to determine temperature differences in various methods of considering absolute heat sources were established. For the sake of generality, the dependencies were produced in dimensionless (criterial) form. The variants were calculated, and the results are presented in the form of graphs. The aim is to visually present the influence of the method of heat sources when considering the accuracy of air temperature prediction in an underground facility. Key qualitative and quantitative features of the formation of thermal regime in workings at different methods of considering absolute heat sources were established. It was shown in particular that during the transition from a negative temperature in a working to a positive one, incorrect consideration of the action of absolute heat sources can lead to an almost 30 % (1.26 times) difference (i.e., error) in the calculated depth of thawing of discontinuous rocks. It was also established that at a positive temperature, when the initial air temperature in a structure is more than 7.5 oC, there is no fundamental difference in engineering calculations results depending on the method of considering of absolute heat sources.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Прогноз теплового режима выработок и окружающего их массива горных пород является необходимым элементом проектирования подземных сооружений криолитозоны, в частности, при обосновании и выборе надежных способов и средств крепления породных обнажений, обеспечивающих безопасную эксплуатацию подземных сооружений в течение всего нормативного срока. Даже изменение температуры дисперсных мерзлых пород в диапазоне отрицательных значений (ниже температуры плавления льда в породе) приводит к уменьшению их прочностных характеристик, а следовательно, и к снижению устойчивости выработок. Целью исследований было сравнение двух способов учета абсолютных источников тепла (как точечных источников и как равномерно распределенных по длине выработки источников) при прогнозе теплового режима в горных выработках подземных сооружений. Получены расчетные зависимости для определения температурных отклонений при различных способах учета абсолютных источников. Для общности анализа расчётные зависимости получены в безразмерном (критериальном) виде. Проведены вариантные расчеты, результаты которых представлены в виде графиков, позволяющих наглядно оценить влияние способа учета источников тепла на точность прогноза температуры воздуха в подземном сооружении. Установлены основные качественные и количественные особенности формирования теплового режима в выработках при различных способах учета абсолютных источников тепла. В частности, показано, что при переходе от отрицательного теплового режима в выработке к положительному неправильный учет действия абсолютных источников тепла может привести к изменению глубины оттаивания дисперсных пород почти на 30 % (в 1,26 раза). В то же время установлено, что при положительном тепловом режиме для начальной температуры воздуха в сооружении больше 7,5 ºС принципиальной разности для инженерных расчетов в способе учета абсолютных источников тепла нет.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>подземное сооружение</kwd><kwd>криолитозона</kwd><kwd>безопасность</kwd><kwd>тепловой режим</kwd><kwd>прогноз</kwd><kwd>источник тепла</kwd><kwd>способ учета</kwd><kwd>температура</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>underground structure</kwd><kwd>cryolithozone</kwd><kwd>safety</kwd><kwd>thermal regime</kwd><kwd>forecast</kwd><kwd>heat source</kwd><kwd>method of considering</kwd><kwd>temperature</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhirkov A., Permyakov P., Wen Z., Kirillin A. Influence of rainfall changes on the temperature regime of permafrost in Central Yakutia. Land. 2021;10(11):1230. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10111230</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhirkov A., Permyakov P., Wen Z., Kirillin A. Influence of rainfall changes on the temperature regime of permafrost in Central Yakutia. Land. 2021;10(11):1230. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10111230</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Станиловская Ю. В., Мерзляков В. П., Сергеев Д. О., Хименков А. Н. Оценка опасности полигонально-жильных льдов для линейных сооружений. Геоэкология. Инженерная геология. Гидрогеология. Геокриология. 2014;(4):367–378.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stanilovskaya Yu. V., Merzlyakov V. P., Sergeev D. O., Khimenkov A. N. Ice wedge hazard assessment for linear objects. Geoekologiya. Inzheneraya Geologiya, Gidrogeologiya, Geokriologiya. 2014;(4):367–378. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eppelbaum L. V., Kutasov I. M. Well drilling in permafrost regions: Dynamics of the thawed zone. Polar Research. 2019;38(2):3351. https://doi.org/10.33265/polar.v38.3351</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eppelbaum L. V., Kutasov I. M. Well drilling in permafrost regions: Dynamics of the thawed zone. Polar Research. 2019;38(2):3351. https://doi.org/10.33265/polar.v38.3351</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gao Q., Wen Z., Feng W. et al. Effect of a ventilated open structure on the stability of bored piles in permafrost regions of the Tibetan plateau. Cold Regions Science and Technology. 2020;178:103–116. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2020.103116</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gao Q., Wen Z., Feng W. et al. Effect of a ventilated open structure on the stability of bored piles in permafrost regions of the Tibetan plateau. Cold Regions Science and Technology. 2020;178:103–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2020.103116</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhelezniak M., Kirillin A., Zhirkov A. et al. Permafrost distribution and temperature in the Elkon Horst, Russia. Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions. 2021;13(2):107–122. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1226.2021.20027</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhelezniak M., Kirillin A., Zhirkov A. et al. Permafrost distribution and temperature in the Elkon Horst, Russia. Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions. 2021;13(2):107–122. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1226.2021.20027</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wen Z., Wang D., Ma W. et al. Thermal interaction between a thermokarst lake and a nearby embankment in permafrost regions. Cold Regions Science and Technology. 2018;155:214–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2018.08.010</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wen Z., Wang D., Ma W. et al. Thermal interaction between a thermokarst lake and a nearby embankment in permafrost regions. Cold Regions Science and Technology. 2018;155:214–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2018.08.010</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Permyakov P. P., Zhirkov A. F., Varlamov S. P. Numerical modeling of railway embankment deformations in permafrost regions, Central Yakutia. In: Petriaev A., Konon A. (eds.) Transportation Soil Engineering in Cold Regions, Volume 2. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, Vol. 50. Singapore: Springer; 2020. Pp. 93–103. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0454-9_11</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Permyakov P. P., Zhirkov A. F., Varlamov S. P. Numerical modeling of railway embankment deformations in permafrost regions, Central Yakutia. In: Petriaev A., Konon A. (eds.) Transportation Soil Engineering in Cold Regions, Volume 2. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, Vol. 50. Singapore: Springer; 2020. Pp. 93–103. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0454-9_11</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жирков А. Ф., Железняк М. Н., Шац М. М., Сивцев М. А. Численное моделирование изменения мерзлотных условий взлётно-посадочной полосы аэропорта Олекминск. Маркшейдерия и недропользование. 2021;(5):22–32.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhirkov A., Zheleznyak M., Shats M., Sivtsev M. Numerical simulation change permafrost conditions of the runway airport Olekminsk. Mine Surveying and Subsurface Use. 2021;(5):22–32. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пермяков П. П., Жирков А. Ф., Железняк М. Н. Учет процесса внутрипочвенной конденсации при моделировании тепловлагообмена в мерзлых грунтах. Инженерно-физический журнал. 2021;94(5):1260–1270. (Перев. вер.: Permyakov P. P., Zhirkov A. F., Zheleznyak M. N. Account for the process of underground condensation in modeling heat and moisture exchange in frozen soils. Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics. 2021;94(5): 1232–1241. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10891-021-02404-8)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Permyakov P. P., Zhirkov A. F., Zheleznyak M. N. Account for the process of underground condensation in modeling heat and moisture exchange in frozen soils. Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics. 2021;94(5):1232–1241. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10891-021-02404-8 (Orig. ver.: Permyakov P. P., Zhirkov A. F., Zheleznyak M. N. Account for the process of underground condensation in modeling heat and moisture exchange in frozen soils. Inzhenerno-Fizicheskiy Zhurnal. 2021;94(5):1260–1270. (In Russ.))</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kutasov I. M., Eppelbaum L. V. The effect of thermal properties changing (at ice-water transition) on the radius of permafrost thawing. Cold Regions Science and Technology. 2018;151:156–158.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kutasov I. M., Eppelbaum L. V. The effect of thermal properties changing (at ice-water transition) on the radius of permafrost thawing. Cold Regions Science and Technology. 2018;151:156–158.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Железняк М. Н., Шац М. М. Теплофизическая характеристика алмазного месторождения «Айхал» (Якутия). Недропользование XXI век. 2022;(1):98–103. URL: https://nedra21.ru/archive/160/2864/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zheleznyak M. N., Shatz M. M. Teplofizical conditions of diamond deposit of the Aikhal (Yakutia). Nedropol’zovaniye XXI Vek. 2022;(1):98–103. (In Russ.) URL: https://nedra21.ru/archive/160/2864/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Николаева М. В., Стручкова Г. П. Прогнозирование теплового взаимодействия участка подземного трубопровода с льдистыми грунтами. Технологии нефти и газа. 2018;(4):56–60.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nikolaeva M. V., Struchkova G. P. Forecasting the thermal interaction of underground pipeline with ice grounds. Tekhnologii Nefti i Gaza. 2018;(4):56–60. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дядькин Ю. Д. Основы горной теплофизики. М.: Недра; 1968. 256 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dyadkin Yu. D. Fundamentals of mining thermal physics. Moscow: Nedra Publ.; 1968. 256 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Скуба В. Н. Исследование устойчивости горных выработок в условиях многолетней мерзлоты. Новосибирск: Наука; 1974. 118 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Skuba V. N. Study of mine workings stability in permafrost conditions. Novosibirsk: Nauka Publ.; 1974. 118 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шерстов В. А. Повышение устойчивости выработок россыпных шахт Севера. Новосибирск: Наука; 1980. 56 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sherstov V. A. Improving stability of mine workings at placer mines in the North. Novosibirsk: Nauka Publ.; 1980. 56 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кузьмин Г. П. Подземные сооружения в криолитозоне. Новосибирск: Наука; 2002.176 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuzmin G. P. Underground structures in cryolithozone. Novosibirsk: Nauka Publ.; 2002. 176 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Воропаев А. Ф. Теория теплообмена рудничного воздуха и горных пород в глубоких шахтах. М.: Недра; 1968. 249 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Voropaev A. F. Theory of heat exchange of mine air and rocks in deep mines. Moscow: Nedra Publ.; 1968. 249 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вернигор В. М., Морозов К. В., Бобровников В. Н. О подходах к проектированию теплового режима рудников в условиях многолетнемерзлых пород. Записки Горного института. 2013;205:139–140. URL: https://pmi.spmi.ru/index.php/pmi/article/view/5508?setLocale=ru_RU</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vernigor V. M., Morozov K. V., Bobrovnikov V. N. On approaches to designing of thermal regime at ore mines under permafrost conditions. Journal of Mining Institute. 2013;205:139–140. (In Russ.) URL: https://pmi.spmi.ru/index.php/pmi/article/view/5508?setLocale=en_US</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang S., Teng J., He Z. et al. Canopy effect caused by vapour transfer in covered freezing soils. Géotechnique. 2016;66(11):927–940. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeot.16.P.016</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang S., Teng J., He Z. et al. Canopy effect caused by vapour transfer in covered freezing soils. Géotechnique. 2016;66(11):927–940. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeot.16.P.016</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Teng J., Shan F., He Z. et al. Experimental study of ice accumulation in unsaturated clean sand. Géotechnique. 2019;69(3):251–259. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeot.17.P.208</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Teng J., Shan F., He Z. et al. Experimental study of ice accumulation in unsaturated clean sand. Géotechnique. 2019;69(3):251–259. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeot.17.P.208</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xu G., Qi J., Wu W. Temperature Effect on the compressive strength of frozen soils: a review. recent advances in geotechnical research. In: Wu, W. (eds.) Recent Advances in Geotechnical Research. Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering. Springer, Cham.; 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89671-7_19</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xu G., Qi J., Wu W. Temperature Effect on the compressive strength of frozen soils: a review. recent advances in geotechnical research. In: Wu, W. (eds.) Recent Advances in Geotechnical Research. Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering. Springer, Cham; 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89671-7_19</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Niu F., Li A., Luo J. et al. Soil moisture, ground temperatures, and deformation of a high-speed railway embankment in Northeast China. Cold Regions Science and Technology. 2017;133:7–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2016.10.007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Niu F., Li A., Luo J. et al. Soil moisture, ground temperatures, and deformation of a high-speed railway embankment in Northeast China. Cold Regions Science and Technology. 2017;133:7–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2016.10.007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хименков А. Н., Гагарин В. Е. Подходы к изучению деформаций в многолетнемёрзлых грунтах. Арктика и Антарктика. 2022;(2):36–65. https://doi.org/10.7256/2453-8922.2022.2.38229</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khimenkov A. N., Gagarin V. E. Approaches to the study of deformations in permafrost soils. Arctic and Antarctica. 2022;(2):36–65. https://doi.org/10.7256/2453-8922.2022.2.38229</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вахрин И. С., Кузьмин Г. П., Спектр В. В. Деформационные характеристики оттаивающих грунтов естественного сложения. Успехи современного естествознания. 2020;(8):37–42. https://doi.org/10.17513/use.37455</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vakhrin I. S., Kuzmin G. P., Spektr V. V. Haw deformation characteristics of undisturbed soils. Advances in Current Natural Sciences. 2020;(8):37–42. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.17513/use.37455</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Галкин А. Ф. Повышение устойчивости горных выработок в криолитозоне. Записки Горного института. 2014;207:99–102. URL: https://pmi.spmi.ru/index.php/pmi/article/view/5392</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galkin A. F. Increase of stability of mine workings in the permafrost zone. Journal of Mining Institute. 2014;207:99–102. (In Russ.) URL: https://pmi.spmi.ru/index.php/pmi/article/view/5392</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galkin A. F., Pankov V. Yu. Formation of thermal regime in a permafrost area mine. In: Beskopylny A., Shamtsyan M. (eds) XIV International Scientific Conference “INTERAGROMASH 2021”. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, Vol. 247. Springer, Cham; 2022. Pp. 205–213. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80946-1_21</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galkin A. F., Pankov V. Yu. Formation of thermal regime in a permafrost area mine. In: Beskopylny A., Shamtsyan M. (eds) XIV International Scientific Conference “INTERAGROMASH 2021”. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, Vol. 247. Springer, Cham; 2022. Pp. 205–213. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80946-1_21</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Щербань А. Н., Кремнев О. А. Научные основы расчета и регулирования теплового режима глубоких шахт. Киев: АН УССР; 1959. 430 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shcherban A. N., Kremnev O. A. Scientific basis for calculating and regulating thermal regime of deep mines. Kyiv: Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR; 1959. 430 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Казаков Б. П., Шалимов А. В., Зайцев А. В. Влияние закладочных работ на формирование теплового режима в горных выработках в условиях рудников ОАО «Норильский никель». Вестник Пермского национального исследовательского политехнического университета. 2012;(2):110–114.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kazakov B., Zaytsev A., Shalimov A. Influence of backfill operations on the formation of thermal conditions of mine workings in OJSC MMC “Norilsk Nickel”. Bulletin of the Perm National Research Polytechnic University. Geology. Oil and Gas and Mining. 2012;(2):110–114. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Курилко А. С., Хохолов Ю. А., Соловьев Д. Е. Особенности формирования теплового режима россыпных шахт криолитозоны при ведении добычных работ с применением самоходной техники. Горный журнал. 2015;(4):29–32. https://doi.org/10.17580/gzh.2015.04.06</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurilko A. S., Khokholov Yu. A., Soloviev D. E. Features of formation of temperature conditions in placer mines equipped with self-propelled machines in permafrost zone. Gornyi Zhurnal. 2015;(4):29–32. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.17580/gzh.2015.04.06</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Казаков Б. П., Зайцев А. В. Исследование процессов формирования теплового режима глубоких шахт и рудников. Вестник ПНИПУ. Геология. Нефтегазовое и горное дело. 2014;(10):91–97.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kazakov B. P., Zaitsev A. V. Study of the formation of thermal regimes in deep mines. Bulletin of the Perm National Research Polytechnic University. Geology. Oil and Gas and Mining. 2014;(10):91–97. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Галкин А. Ф., Дормидонтов А. В., Курта И. В., Короткова К. Б. Влияние дизельных машин на температурный режим горных выработок. Естественные и технические науки. 2018;(5):84–86.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galkin A. F., Dormidontov A. V., Kurta I. V., Korotkova K. B. Influence of diesel vehicles on the temperature regime of mine workings. Estestvennye i Tekhnicheskie Nauki. 2018;(5):84–86. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Галкин А. Ф., Панков В. Ю., Фёдоров Я. В. Изменение температуры в камерах подземных сооружений при работе дизельных установок. Вопросы безопасности. 2022;(4):27–33. https://doi.org/10.25136/2409-7543.2022.4.38938</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galkin A., Pankov V. Y., Fedorov Y. V. Temperature Change in the Chambers of Underground Structures when operating Diesel Units. Security Issues. 2022;(4):27–33. https://doi.org/10.25136/2409-7543.2022.4.38938</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Черняк В. П., Щербань А. Н. Методы прогноза теплового режима глубоких шахт. Физико-технические проблемы разработки полезных ископаемых. 1977;(2):88–92.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chernyak V. P., Shcherban A. N. Methods for predicting thermal regime of deep mines. Fiziko- Texhnicheskiye Problemy Razrabbotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh. 1977;(2):88–92 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Щербань А. Н., Черняк В. П., Брайчева Н. А. Решение системы дифференциальных уравнений с переменными коэффициентами для расчета температуры рудничного воздуха. Доклады Академии наук Украинской ССР. Серия А: Физико-математические и технические науки. 1975;(9):843–847.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shcherban A. N., Chernyak V. P., Braicheva N. A. Solution of a system of differential equations with variable coefficients to calculate the temperature of mine air. Doklady Akademii nauk Ukrainskoy SSR. Seriya A: Fiziko-Matematicheskie i Tekhnicheskie Nauki. 1975;(9):843–847 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Добрянский Ю. П. Расчеты на ЭВМ тепловлажностных режимов подземных выработок. Киев: Наукова думка; 1991. 122 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dobryansky Yu. P. Computations of heat and humidity regimes of underground workings. Kyiv: Naukova Dumka Publ.; 1991. 122 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galkin A. F., Pankov V. Yu. Forecasting of thermal regime in an oil mine. In: Mottaeva A. (eds.) Technological Advancements in Construction. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, Vol. 180. Springer, Cham; 2022. Pp. 39–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83917-8_4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galkin A. F., Pankov V. Yu. Forecasting of thermal regime in an oil mine. In: Mottaeva A. (eds.) Technological Advancements in Construction. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, Vol. 180. Springer, Cham; 2022. Pp. 39–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83917-8_4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
