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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gscience</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Mining Science and Technology (Russia)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Горные науки и технологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0632</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The National University of Science and Technology MISiIS (NUST MISIS)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/2500-0632-2023-07-129</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gscience-591</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SAFETY IN MINING AND PROCESSING INDUSTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ В МИНЕРАЛЬНО-СЫРЬЕВОМ КОМПЛЕКСЕ И ОХРАНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Assessment of performance and environmental friendliness of a sorbent-based remediation method for heavy metal and metalloid contaminated soils</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Оценка эффективности и экологичности сорбент-ориентированного метода восстановления загрязненных тяжелыми металлами и металлоидами почв</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1529-3865</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юрак</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yurak</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вера Васильевна Юрак – доктор экономических наук, доцент кафедры экономики и менеджмента, заведующая научно-исследовательской лабораторией рекультивации нарушенных земель и техногенных объектов; старший научный сотрудник</p><p>Scopus ID 57190411535, ResearcherID J-7228-2017</p><p>г. Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vera V. Yurak – Dr. Sci. (Econ.), Associate Professor, Department of Economics and Management, Head ofthe Research Laboratory for Reclamation of Disturbed Lands and Technogenic Objects; Senior Researcher</p><p>Scopus ID 57190411535, ResearcherID J-7228-2017</p><p>Yekaterinburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vera_yurak@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9006-3667</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Апакашев</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Apakashev</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рафаил Абдрахманович Апакашев – доктор химических наук, профессор, проректор по научной работе</p><p>Scopus ID 6603092433</p><p>г. Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rafail A. Apakashev – Dr. Sci. (Chem.), Professor, Vice-Rector for Research</p><p>Scopus ID 6603092433</p><p>Yekaterinburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Apakashev.R@m.ursmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5959-135X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебзин</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebzin</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Максим Сергеевич Лебзин – младший научный сотрудник научно-исследовательской лаборатории рекультивации нарушенных земель и техногенных объектов</p><p>Scopus ID 57218647741</p><p>г. Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maxim S. Lebzin – Junior Researcher, Research Laboratory for the Reclamation of Disturbed Landsand Technogenic Objects</p><p>Scopus ID 57218647741</p><p>Yekaterinburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">science@ursmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3104-1687</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малышев</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malyshev</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Николаевич Малышев – лаборант-исследователь научно-исследовательской лаборатории рекультивации нарушенных земель и техногенных объектов</p><p>Scopus ID 57223099993</p><p>г. Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander N. Malyshev – Research Assistant, Research Laboratory for the Reclamation of Disturbed Lands and Technogenic Objects</p><p>Scopus ID 57223099993</p><p>Yekaterinburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">malyshev.k1b@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Уральский государственный горный университет; Институт экономики УрО РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Ural State Mining University; Institute of Economics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Уральский государственный горный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Ural State Mining University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>327</fpage><lpage>340</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Yurak V.V., Apakashev R.A., Lebzin M.S., Malyshev A.N., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Юрак В.В., Апакашев Р.А., Лебзин М.С., Малышев А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yurak V.V., Apakashev R.A., Lebzin M.S., Malyshev A.N.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mst.misis.ru/jour/article/view/591">https://mst.misis.ru/jour/article/view/591</self-uri><abstract><p>The contamination of natural ecosystems with heavy metals and metalloids (HMMs) primarily results from anthropogenic activities. Consequently, ongoing efforts are dedicated to the development of technologies aimed at restraining the mobility of HMMs and expediting chemical reactions that convert pollutants from mobile to immobile states. Addressing the reclamation issue always necessitates the selection of the most promising and effective type of reclamation work, as well as justification of land prioritization for reclamation purposes. In terms of performance and future potential, the sorbent-oriented approach, grounded in the concept of “green” utilization of man-made waste as a raw material for creating novel composite sorbents, is gaining traction for land reclamation in disturbed areas. In international practice, diverse environmental risk assessment methods are employed to substantiate the necessity for and prioritize reclamation efforts.</p><p>The aim of the present study is to evaluate established conventional methods for assessing the risks associated with environmental harm. Additionally, this research aims to assess the efficacy and ecological compatibility of the composite sorbents developed by the author. This evaluation will be conducted by assessing and comparing the levels of potential environmental risks or risks of environmental damage subsequent to the application of these sorbents.</p><p>The objectives of this study are as follows: 1) to explore the theoretical aspects of HMMs: including the formulation of a definition, investigation onto the origins of HMMs, examination of HMMs’ toxicity, and identification of prevalent methods for evaluating the environmental risks associated with HMMs; 2) to evaluate the effectiveness of established methods for assessing the environmental risks posed by HMMs; 3) to assess the efficacy and environmental sustainability of the composite sorbents developed by the author. This evaluation will involve an examination and comparison of the levels of potential environmental risks and the risks of environmental damage subsequent to the a pplication of these sorbents.</p><p>The research subject: the mining allotment within the Levikhinskoye mine (classified as an environmental disaster site) is investigated as a disturbed land ecosystem, encompassing industrial waste dumps containing HMMs.</p><p>The research hypothesis aims to establish the viability of “green” waste utilization from industrial sources as a raw material for composite sorbents used in land reclamation, without escalating the environmental damage. The conducted experiments revealed that sorbents composed of peat/water treatment sludge (at a ratio of 20/80 wt. % with natural moisture content) and peat/diatomite/water treatment sludge (at a ratio of 5/15/80 wt. % with natural moisture content) exhibited the highest level of performance, surpassing an overall efficiency of 89%. A sorbent composed of peat/diatomite (at a ratio of 25/75 wt. % with natural moisture content) demonstrated an overall efficiency of 67.7%. The estimated environmental risks (ER and ED) after the application of the proprietary composite sorbents, which include water treatment sludge, exhibited an average reduction of 89.5% and 88%, respectively.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Загрязнение природных экосистем тяжелыми металлами и металлоидами (HMM) – это главным образом результат антропогенной деятельности. Именно поэтому в настоящее время разрабатываются технологии, направленные на ограничение подвижности HMM и уменьшение сроков протекания химических реакций по переводу поллютантов из подвижной в неподвижную форму. Решение проблемы рекультивации всегда предполагает выбор наиболее перспективного и эффективного вида рекультивационных работ, а также обоснование приоритизации земель, подлежащих рекультивации. В части эффективности и перспективности популярность приобретает сорбент-ориентированный метод, основанный на принципе «зеленой» утилизации техногенных отходов в качестве сырья для создания композитных сорбентов нового типа в целях рекультивации нарушенных земель. Зарубежная практика в качестве обоснования необходимости и приоритизации рекультивационных работ использует различные методики оценки экологических рисков. Цель текущего исследования – апробировать имеющиеся распространенные методики оценки рисков причинения экологического ущерба и оценить эффективность и «экологичность» разрабатываемых авторских композитных сорбентов с позиции оценки и сравнения уровней возникновения потенциальных экологических рисков/рисков нанесения экологического ущерба после их (сорбентов) применения.</p><sec><title>Задачи</title><p>Задачи: 1) рассмотреть теоретические аспекты HMM: сформулировать определение, рассмотреть генезис HMM, исследовать вопрос токсичности HMM и выявить наиболее распространенные методики оценки экологических рисков HMM; 2) апробировать имеющиеся методики оценки экологических рисков HMM; 3) оценить эффективность и «экологичность» разрабатываемых авторских композитных сорбентов с позиции оценки и сравнения уровней возникновения потенциальных экологических рисков/рисков нанесения экологического ущерба после их (сорбентов) применения.</p></sec><sec><title>Объект исследования</title><p>Объект исследования: горный отвод Левихинского рудника (зона экологического бедствия) как экосистема нарушенных земель, в составе которой присутствуют промышленные отвалы, содержащие HMM.</p></sec><sec><title>Гипотеза исследования</title><p>Гипотеза исследования: доказать возможность «зеленой утилизации» техногенных отходов в качестве сырья для композитных сорбентов, используемых для рекультивации нарушенных земель, без увеличения рисков причинения экологического ущерба природной среде. В результате проведённых экспериментов наибольшую эффективность продемонстрировали сорбенты торф/осадки водоподготовки (пропорция при естественной влажности: 20/80, %), торф/диатомит/осадки водоподготовки (пропорция при естественной влажности: 5/15/80, %), где суммарная эффективность превышала 89 %. У сорбента торф/диатомит (пропорция при естественной влажности: 25/75, %) наблюдается суммарная эффективность 67,7 %. Оцениваемые риски ER и EH после применения авторских композитных сорбентов, в состав которых входят осадки водоподготовки, снижались в среднем на 89,5 и 88 % соответственно.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сорбенты</kwd><kwd>рекультивация</kwd><kwd>нарушенные земли</kwd><kwd>экологические риски</kwd><kwd>методики</kwd><kwd>оценка</kwd><kwd>«зеленая» утилизация</kwd><kwd>тяжелые металлы и металлоиды</kwd><kwd>биота</kwd><kwd>токсичность</kwd><kwd>экологический ущерб</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sorbents</kwd><kwd>reclamation</kwd><kwd>disturbed lands</kwd><kwd>environmental risks</kwd><kwd>methods</kwd><kwd>assessment</kwd><kwd>“green” disposal</kwd><kwd>heavy metals and metalloids</kwd><kwd>biota</kwd><kwd>toxicity</kwd><kwd>environmental damage</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 22-24-20102, при финансовой поддержке Правительства Свердловской области</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чаплыгин Н.Н., Галченко Ю.П., Папичев В.И. и др. 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