gscienceMining Science and Technology (Russia)Горные науки и технологии2500-0632The National University of Science and Technology MISiIS (NUST MISIS)10.17073/2500-0632-2024-04-206gscience-623Research ArticleMINING ROCK PROPERTIES. ROCK MECHANICS AND GEOPHYSICSСВОЙСТВА ГОРНЫХ ПОРОД. ГЕОМЕХАНИКА И ГЕОФИЗИКАChemical and ecological properties of soils and the NDVI analysis on reclaimed sulfide coal waste dumps in the boreal zoneХимико-экологические свойства почв и индекс NDVI на рекультивированных сернистоугольных отвалах бореальной зоныhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5571-7725МитраковаН. В.MitrakovaN. V.

Наталья Васильевна Митракова – кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории биогеохимии техногенных ландшафтов, Естественнонаучный институт

г. Пермь

Scopus ID 57208284684, ResearcherID ABC-8334-2021

Natalya V. Mitrakova – Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Senior Researcher at the Laboratory of Biogeochemistry of Man-made Landscapes, Natural Science Institute

Perm

Scopus ID 57208284684, ResearcherID ABC-8334-2021

mitrakovanatalya@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9074-8551ХайрулинаЕ. А.KhayrulinaE. A.

Елена Александровна Хайрулина – доктор географических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории биогеохимии техногенных ландшафтов, Естественнонаучный институт, профессор кафедры картографии и геоинформатики, географический факультет

г. Пермь

Scopus ID 56029238900, ResearcherID J-8411-2014

Elena A. Khayrulina – Dr. Sci. (Geograph.), Leading Researcher at the Laboratory of Biogeochemistry of Man-made Landscapes, Natural Science Institute, Professor of the Department of Cartography and Geoinformatics, Faculty of Geography

Perm

Scopus ID 56029238900, ResearcherID J-8411-2014

elenakhay@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1769-7740ПеревощиковаА. А.PerevoshchikovaA. A.

Анна Александровна Перевощикова – младший научный сотрудник лаборатории биогеохимии техногенных ландшафтов, Естественнонаучный институт

г. Пермь

Scopus ID 57694899800

Anna A. Perevoshchikova – Junior Researcher at the Laboratory of Biogeochemistry of Man-made Landscapes, Natural Science Institute

Perm

Scopus ID 57694899800

aaperevoshchikova@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1761-6720ПорошинаН. В.PoroshinaN. V.

Наталья Витальевна Порошина – кандидат химических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории биогеохимии техногенных ландшафтов, Естественнонаучный институт

г. Пермь

Scopus ID 57694163400

Natalya V. Poroshina – Cand. Sci. (Chem.), Senior Researcher at the Laboratory of Biogeochemistry of Man-made Landscapes, Natural Science Institute

Perm

Scopus ID 57694163400

navit1@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7251-7637МалышкинаЕ. Е.MalyshkinaE. E.

Елизавета Евгеньевна Малышкина – инженер-исследователь лаборатории биогеохимии техногенных ландшафтов, Естественнонаучный институт

г. Пермь

Scopus ID 58017742100

Elizaveta E. Malyshkina – Research Engineer at the Laboratory of Biogeochemistry of Man-made Landscapes, Natural Science Institute

Perm

Scopus ID 58017742100

 

thelionofcintra@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0005-5344-7361ЯковлеваЕ. С.YakovlevaE. S.

Евгения Симоновна Яковлева – инженер-исследователь лаборатории биогеохимии техногенных ландшафтов, Естественнонаучный институт

г. Пермь

Evgenia S. Yakovleva – Research Engineer at the Laboratory of Biogeochemistry of Man-made Landscapes, Natural Science Institute

Perm

evyakovlevaa@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0007-3129-5568КобелевН. А.KobelevN. A.

Никита Алексеевич Кобелев – инженер-исследователь лаборатории биогеохимии техногенных ландшафтов, Естественнонаучный институт

г. Пермь

Nikita A. Kobelev – Research Engineer at the Laboratory of Biogeochemistry of Man-made Landscapes, Natural Science Institute

Perm

amst3rz@gmail.comПермский государственный национальный исследовательский университетРоссияPerm State National Research UniversityRussian Federation20242612202494406419Copyright © Mitrakova N.V., Khayrulina E.A., Perevoshchikova A.A., Poroshina N.V., Malyshkina E.E., Yakovleva E.S., Kobelev N.A., 20242024Митракова Н.В., Хайрулина Е.А., Перевощикова А.А., Порошина Н.В., Малышкина Е.Е., Яковлева Е.С., Кобелев Н.А.Mitrakova N.V., Khayrulina E.A., Perevoshchikova A.A., Poroshina N.V., Malyshkina E.E., Yakovleva E.S., Kobelev N.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://mst.misis.ru/jour/article/view/623

Reclamation of coal waste dumps through the establishment of a stable soil and vegetation cover on their surface contributes to the restoration of ecological systems. Therefore, studying the properties of soils in technogenic landscapes is of current importance. The problem of biological reclamation was studied in the Kizel Coal Basin area. The effectiveness of reclamation was evaluated on several sulfide coal waste dumps. The reclamation methods, as well as the period of soil-vegetation cover formation, varied. Agrochemical properties of the dump soils were studied using unified methods. The NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) was calculated based on Sentinel-2 and Landsat 7,8 images. To assess biological activity, phytotesting was used. The lithostrats ranged from slightly acidic to neutral (рН–Н2О = 6.1–6.8); the embryonic soil showed a slightly alkaline reaction (7.9). The embryonic soil, due to the presence of coal particles, had the highest organic matter content (12–7.7%). Depending on the "age" of the soil, the amount of organic matter in the lithostrats varied: for the 7-year-old lithostrat, it ranged from 2.4 to 8.9%, while for the 4-year-old lithostrat, it was less than 1%. The absorption capacity of the lithostrats was similar to that of the background soil. The dump soils were characterized by low levels of nutrients (NPK), with the 4-year-old lithostrat having the lowest N content. The dump soils demonstrated favorable conditions for plant growth, as evidenced by the height and biomass of cress and oats. The calculated NDVI for all dumps ranged from 0.4 to 0.6, indicating the presence of a stable vegetation cover. The implemented reclamation measures proved to be effective.

Рекультивация угольных отвалов путем создания устойчивого почвенного и растительного покрова на их поверхности способствует восстановлению экологических систем. В связи с этим актуальным является изучение свойств почв техногенных ландшафтов. Проблема биологической рекультивации изучалась на территории Кизеловского угольного бассейна. Оценена эффективность рекультивации на нескольких сернистоугольных отвалах. Методы рекультивации, как и период формирования почвенно-растительного покрова, различались. Агрохимические свойства почв отвалов изучали стандартными методами. Индекс NDVI (нормализованный относительный индекс растительности) рассчитан по снимкам Sentinel-2 и Landsat 7,8. Для оценки биологической активности использовали фитотестирование. Литостраты варьировались от слабокислых до нейтральных (рН–Н2О = 6,1–6,8); эмбриозем имел слабощелочную реакцию (7,9). Эмбриозем благодаря наличию частиц угля имел наибольшее содержание органического вещества (12–7,7 %). В зависимости от «возраста» почвы количество органического вещества в литостратах варьировало: для 7-летнего литострата оно колебалось от 2,4 до 8,9 %, а для 4-летнего было меньше 1 %. Поглотительная способность литостратов была аналогична с фоновой почвой. Почвы отвалов характеризовались низким уровнем питательных элементов (NPK), а 4-летний литострат имел самое низкое содержание N. Почвы отвалов показали благоприятные условия для роста растений, о чем свидетельствуют высота и масса кресс-салата и овса. Рассчитанный индекс NDVI для всех отвалов имел значения от 0,4 до 0,6, что свидетельствует о наличии устойчивого растительного покрова. Реализованные рекультивационные мероприятия доказали свою эффективность.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.