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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gscience</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Mining Science and Technology (Russia)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Горные науки и технологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0632</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The National University of Science and Technology MISiIS (NUST MISIS)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/2500-0632-2023-08-143</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gscience-765</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MINING ROCK PROPERTIES. ROCK MECHANICS AND GEOPHYSICS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СВОЙСТВА ГОРНЫХ ПОРОД. ГЕОМЕХАНИКА И ГЕОФИЗИКА</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Determination of deformation modulus and characterization of anisotropic behavior of blocky rock masses</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Определение модуля деформации и характеристик анизотропного поведения блочных массивов горных пород</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5551-9500</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахрами</surname><given-names>O.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ahrami</surname><given-names>O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Омид Ахрами – аспирант</p><p>г. Тегеран</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Omid Ahrami – PhD-Candidate</p><p>Tehran</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">omid.ahrami@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3745-0913</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Джавахери Купаи</surname><given-names>Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Javaheri Koupaei</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хоссейн Джавахери Купаи – доцент</p><p>г. Тегеран</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Hossein Javaheri Koupaei – Assistant Professor</p><p>Scopus ID 57215596931</p><p>Tehran</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">h-javaheri@srbiau.ac.ir</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9462-7303</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахангари</surname><given-names>К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ahangari</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каве Ахангари – профессор</p><p>Scopus ID 36130116400</p><p>г. Тегеран</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kaveh Ahangari – Professor</p><p>Scopus ID 36130116400</p><p>Tehran</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ahangari@srbiau.ac.ir</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Кафедра гражданского строительства, научно-исследовательский отдел, Исламский университет Азад<country>Иран</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Department of Civil Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University<country>Islamic Republic of Iran</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Кафедра горного дела, научно-исследовательский отдел, Исламский университет Азад<country>Иран</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Department of Mining Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University<country>Islamic Republic of Iran</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title>Online First</issue-title><fpage>116</fpage><lpage>133</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ahrami O., Javaheri Koupaei H., Ahangari K., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ахрами O., Джавахери Купаи Х., Ахангари К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ahrami O., Javaheri Koupaei H., Ahangari K.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mst.misis.ru/jour/article/view/765">https://mst.misis.ru/jour/article/view/765</self-uri><abstract><p>The anisotropy in the deformational behavior of blocky rock masses has been comprehensively investigated. The uniaxial deformation modulus was selected as the key parameter. This modulus is generally anisotropic and depends on the loading direction, as well as on the properties of the intact rock, joints, and joint setting. Representative volumes of blocky rock masses were numerically simulated using the discrete element method and were loaded uniaxially in various directions. Subsequently, the failure mode and the deformation modulus were studied for different loading directions and various relative joint settings. A new nonlinear, stress- dependent stiffness matrix for joints was introduced, incorporating the surface conditions of the joints in terms of the Joint Roughness Coefficient (JRC) and the properties of the intact rock materials in terms of the Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS). The results of the assessments are presented in the form of rose diagrams, showing variations in the deformation modulus of the blocky rock mass that depend on the joint’s JRC, the intact rock’s UCS, and the structure of the rock mass in term of the relative joint angle. Also, the expected degree of anisotropy for various joint surface conditions and uniaxial compressive strengths of intact rock were introduced. In the Geological Strength Index (GSI) table, results are classified such that assigning a value to the JRC for each class of joint surface conditions allows for the corresponding deformation modulus and degree of anisotropy. According to this chart, it is deduced that the effect of joint roughness on the deformation modulus of blocky rock masses is greater than that of the intact rock UCS. The results support the hypothesis that a blocky rock mass has a critical strain that is independent of the loading angle (θ) and the orientation of the third joint set (α).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Всесторонне изучена анизотропия деформационного поведения блочных массивов горных пород. В качестве ключевого параметра выбран модуль одноосной деформации. В целом он является анизотропным и зависит от направления нагружения, а также от свойств ненарушенной породы, трещин и элементов их залегания. Представительные объемы блочных массивов горных пород были численно смоделированы методом дискретных элементов и одноосно нагружены в различных направлениях. Затем были изучены режим разрушения и модуль деформации для различных направлений нагружения и различных относительных элементов залегания трещин. Внедрена и использована новая нелинейная матрица жесткости трещин в зависимости от напряжения, в которой учитываются состояние поверхности трещин в виде коэффициента шероховатости (JRC) и ненарушенного массива пород в виде предела прочности при одноосном сжатии (UCS). Результаты оценок представлены в виде роз-диаграмм, демонстрирующих изменение модуля деформации блочного массива горных пород в зависимости от коэффициента шероховатости швов, прочности при одноосном сжатии ненарушенной породы и структуры массива горных пород по относительному углу трещины. Также представлена ожидаемая степень анизотропии для различных условий поверхностных трещин и прочности при одноосном сжатии ненарушенной породы. В таблице геологического индекса прочности (GSI) результаты классифицированы таким образом, что, присвоив значение JRC каждому классу состояния поверхности трещин, можно определить модуль деформации и степень анизотропии, соответствующие значениям GSI. Согласно этой схеме можно сделать вывод, что влияние шероховатости трещин на модуль деформации блочных массивов горных пород больше, чем влияние предела прочности при одноосном сжатии ненарушенной породы. Полученные результаты подтверждают идею о том, что блочный массив имеет критическую деформацию, которая не зависит от угла нагружения θ и направления третьей системы трещин α.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>модуль деформации</kwd><kwd>блочный массив горных пород</kwd><kwd>анизотропия</kwd><kwd>матрица жесткости трещин</kwd><kwd>степень анизотропии</kwd><kwd>режим разрушения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>deformation modulus</kwd><kwd>blocky rock mass</kwd><kwd>anisotropy</kwd><kwd>joint stiffness matrix</kwd><kwd>degree of anisotropy</kwd><kwd>failure mode</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Singh B. 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