Отходы переработки аподоломитового нефрита и направление их использования

Камнесамоцветное сырье пользуется повышенным спросом, что приводит к возрастающему объему перерабатываемой горной массы. Обогащение исходного сырья, изготовление камнерезных и ювелирных изделий сопровождаются образованием большого количества отходов. Представленное исследование направлено на изучение вещественного состава и физико-механических свойств твердых отходов переработки аподоломитового нефрита Витимского региона. Образование отходов в значительном количестве приводит к затратам на перевозку, хранение и охрану, ухудшает экологическую обстановку. Месторождения аподоломитового нефрита находятся в Витимском регионе России. Наибольшее их количество сосредоточено на Северо-Западе, Северо-Востоке и Юге Китая, в меньшей мере – в Южной Корее, Австралии, Италии и Польше. В работе использованы отходы переработки наиболее продуктивного российского месторождения аподоломитового нефрита – Кавоктинского. Проведено визуальное и петрографическое изучение нефрита, скарна и амфиболита твердых отходов. Изучен макро- и микрохимический состав нефрита различного цвета, выполнен рентгенофазовый анализ. Определены декоративные свойства. Получен радиационно-гигиенический сертификат. Отходы имеют марки по дробимости 1200, по истираемости – И1, по морозостойкости – F400. Проведенные исследования показали, что в их составе не содержатся зерна слабых пород, а также глина, пылевидные и глинистые частицы. Твердые отходы переработки нефрита Витимского региона имеют высокое качество, соответствуют требованиям ГОСТ 8267–93, за исключением повышенного содержания фрагментов лещадных (уплощенных) и повышенного размера. Они могут использоваться в производстве обычного, декоративного и мозаичного бетонов, декоративных плит, внутренней отделки помещений, бань и саун, для изготовления сувенирной продукции. Использование в качестве сырья для каменного литья и пролонгированного удобрения требует дополнительного рассмотрения. Все это позволит не только решить проблему утилизации отходов, но и улучшить экономические показатели добычи минерального сырья.

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